基于机器视觉的刀具轮廓在线检测方法的研究

超精密单点金刚石车削过程中需要对刀具参数进行检测。基于机器视觉原理,采用新型的机械结构设计了新型刀具在线检测系统。通过垂直放置的两组由同轴远心镜头和CMOS相机组成的光学系统来获取车刀刀尖正面及侧面的图像,再经图像处理系统来获取刀具的轮廓及位置信息,完成对刀具轮廓及位置的在线检测,实验验证可实现测量的重复性定位精度达1μm。在线检测的方式借助了超精密车床自身的高精度和运动机构,可以保证相机焦点和机床主轴之间的相对位置关系,弥补了目前刀具检测系统稳定性差和重复性精度低的不足,提高了加工的整体效率。     

工质对微通道沸腾液膜瞬态变化的影响

本文采用去离子水和无水乙醇两种工质,利用微通道流动沸腾同步测量实验系统,研究了液膜厚度的瞬态变化规律,实验发现流动沸腾形成的初始液膜厚度在毛细数Ca很宽的范围内都遵循Taylor流动原理;液膜形成后,在蒸发和蒸汽流动携带的耦合作用下,厚度迅速减薄直至蒸干;由于水的汽液黏度比小,速度梯度小,剪切作用带来的液膜厚度减少量小,且水的汽化潜热大,吸收相同热量时蒸发量小,导致水的液膜厚度变化斜率较小,通过理论分析提出了沸腾液膜厚度变化的计算模型,计算结果与实验结果的误差小于20%。     

HL-2A装置中性束发射光谱 诊断系统的研制与测试

在HL-2A装置上完成了一套32通道束发射诊断系统(BES)，可对径向r=12~44cm, 极向-7.5~+7.5cm二维空间范围内的长波长()电子密度扰动信息进行测量，其时间分辨率达到0.5ms，空间分辨率1~2cm。系统由内置于真空室的非对称镜头组、传输光纤、高性能探测器模块以及辅助的冷却和真空设备构成。系统的噪声在低频时(f<100kHz)主要由散粒噪声贡献，在较高频率时由散粒噪声和e噪声共同决定。在典型的HL-2A装置放电模式中，对于200kHz以下的扰动，该系统的信噪比(SNR)均大于3。     

基于相移偏折法的高反射表面面形测量技术

利用单相机所采集的图像实现了对光滑高反射表面面形的直接检测.首先利用相机获取参考平面在标准平面镜中的镜像,然后通过参考平面上的点与归一化成像平面上图像点之间的密集折返对应关系,求得待测镜面的深度距离,从而实现对高反射表面面形的测量.通过光线追迹将该测量过程转化为求解物空间中关于两对应光线束之间的相交问题.以相位为载体获取面形梯度分布,求得该表面的法向量场,并求解相应的反射光线束.通过光线追迹对该光线束与相应入射光线束求“交点”检测高反射表面.对标准平面镜进行实验检测,测量得到的面形平面度为0.19 mm.采用传统方法与本文所提方法对汽车后视镜进行检测,所得检测结果对应点之间的平均距离为0.15 mm,验证了本文方法检测镜面面形的有效性.     

微波瑞利散射法测定空气电火花激波等离子体射流的时变电子密度

大气压空气电火花激波等离子体射流的电子密度在亚微秒时间尺度上瞬变,其电子密度的测定很难.基于微波瑞利散射原理,本文测量了空气电火花冲击波流注放电等离子体射流的时变电子密度.实验结果表明:测量系统的标定参数A为1.04 × 105 V·Ω·m–2;空气流注放电等离子体射流的电子密度与等离子体射流的半径和长度有关,结合高速放电影像展示的等离子体射流的等效半径和等效长度,测定的电子密度在1020 m–3的量级,且随时间先快速增长至峰值再成指数衰减.此外,本文还探讨了等离子体射流的不同等效尺度对测定结果的影响;分析结果表明,采用时变等效半径和时变等效长度的计算结果最有效,且第1个快速波峰是由光电离的电离波导致的.     

一种轿车车轮应力状态测量与分析方法

基于台架应变测试试验方法,研究轿车车轮在疲劳试验中的应力状态。结果表明:车轮的径向疲劳试验时,轮胎会对车轮的载荷产生较大的影响,轮胎与转鼓的挤压变形以及正反转动都会对车轮的应力状态产生影响;车轮径向疲劳试验时,最大应变出现在轮辋与轮胎接触位置沿车轮圆周方向,而在靠近轮心位置的应变较小;车轮弯曲疲劳试验时,最大应变出现在轮辐靠近轮心的位置,最大应变出现在轮辐的长度方向;不同的载荷对车轮应变的变化规律并没有影响,但是会对最大和最小峰值产生影响。     

Frequencies Rotation at High Sound Pressure Levels Toward Low Frequencies

Today, analyzing of sound pressure level and frequency is considered as an important index in human society. Sound experts believe that analyzing of these parameters can help us to better understanding of work environments. Sound measurements and frequency analysis did to fix the harmful frequency in all sections in Shiraz gas power plant with sound analyzer model BSWA 308. The sound pressure levels (L_P) and the one and one-third octave band were continuously measured in A and C weighting networks and slow mode for time response. Excel 2013 and Minitab 18.1 software used for statistical calculations. Results analyzed by Minitab 18.1 software. The highest harmful frequency in Shiraz Gas Power Plant (SGPP) was 50 Hz with 115 dB. The sound pressure level (SPL) ranged from 45 dB to 120 dB in one-third octave band and weighting network C. The maximum sound pressure level was in Craft electricity generator with 105.3 dB and 67 Hz. Sound pressure level in surrounded environment was 120 dB. According to the results, in this industry the sound pressure level exceeded the Occupational Exposure Level of Iran (OEL). The value of sound pressure level were higher than the Standard of occupational health. SGPP consumes 47000 cubic meters of natural gas per hour to produce 100 MW (Mega Watt) of electricity. It is very high and it is not economical and cost effective. These numbers indicate that the power plant’s efficiency is low. It could be concluded that the noise pollution is an important issue in these industries. Moreover, SGPP produce noise with loss energy. Frequencies rotation at high sound pressure levels toward low frequencies were happened.     

Forces between a hard surface and an air–aqueous interface with and without films

The adsorption of particles to air–aqueous interfaces is vital in many applications, such as mineral flotation and the stabilization of food foams. The forces in the system determine whether a particle will attach to an air–aqueous interface. The forces between a particle and an air–aqueous interface are influenced by Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek forces (i.e. van der Waals and electrostatic forces), non–Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek forces (e.g. hydrophobic, hydrodynamic, structural, and capillary forces), liquid drainage, and liquid flow. As an air–aqueous interface can be deformed by a particle, the forces measured between an air–aqueous interface and a particle can differ from those measured between two hard surfaces separated by liquid. The presence of a film at an air–aqueous interface can also change the forces.     

A micrometer head integrated microfluidic device for facile droplet size control and automatic measurement of a droplet size

A novel microfluidic droplet generator is proposed, which can control the droplet size through turning an integrated micrometer head with ease, and the size of the produced micro-droplet can be automatically and real-time monitored by an open-sourced software and off-the-shelf hardware.     

Preparation of Fe−Co−LDH/MXene modified electrode for sensitive determination of arsenic (III) in aquatic system

3-dimensional (3D) Fe−Co−LDH/MXene composite was synthesized by in-situ synthesis and assembly of Fe−Co−LDH rod around MXene under hydrothermal condition. Due to the unique 3D configuration and good conductivity, the obtained Fe−Co−LDH/MXene modified glassy carbon electrode (Fe−Co−LDH/MXene/GCE) showed excellent electrochemical activity for As(III) detection. Via square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry, the response current on Fe−Co−LDH/MXene/GCE had good linear relationship with As(III) concentrations (1∼1000 ppt) with superior sensitivity (0.22 μA ppt⁻¹ cm⁻²) and low detection limit (0.9 ppt). The mechanism of As(III) adsorption was demonstrated. The electrode showed excellent anti-interference ability. Real water sample analysis demonstrated the Fe−Co−LDH/MXene/GCE was deployable in aqua-system.